摘要
自改革開放以來，我國加快了現代化進程，經濟有了飛速發展，隨之而來的環境問題也日益凸顯。水污染、土地沙漠化、氣溫變暖、霧霾問題等等一系列環境問題層出不窮，嚴重影響了社會的持續性發展和人民的生活水平。這背后除了不法分子不顧環境問題謀取私利外，也與行政機關以犧牲環境換發展的行政行為有密不可分的關系。政府作為公共利益的維護者，由于決策的失誤或者主觀的違法或不作為，導致環境公益受到損害的情況屢見不鮮，有關行政機關作為人民權益的維護者做出的此類行為理應受到法律的約束和制裁。
隨著我國對于公益保護的重視，新《民事訴訟法》第55條規定了我國民事公益訴訟制度，開啟了公益訴訟的先河。同時隨著去年我國新《環保法》的修訂，對環境公益訴訟基本依據和法律基礎給出了基本規定，這成為構建我國環境公益訴訟制度歷史性的跨越。但值得注意的是雖然我國對于環境公益訴訟做了概括性的規定，但對于環境行政公益訴訟并未有通過此次修訂真正建立，也未寫入新修改的《行政訴訟法》中，導致我國行政機關在環境方面的違法行為或不作為并不能通過環境行政公益訴訟的途徑得到追究。而建立環境行政公益訴訟，不僅對于社會可持續性發展還是人民權益的維護都顯得刻不容緩。
文章以環境行政公益訴訟的概念出發，結合環境行政公益訴訟的歷史沿革以及它的概念和特點，討論我國構建環境行政公益訴訟的必要性。在此基礎上主要通過研究美國、德國和日本三國的環境行政公益訴訟的具體規定和特點/探討對于我國的借鑒意義。接著筆者將對環境行政公益訴訟制度在我國發展的現狀進行研究，提出原因分析，結合以上分析從構建原則和具體問題討論兩個方面來闡述筆者對于我國環境行政公益訴訟的建立構想。
關鍵詞：公益訴訟，行政行為，環境行政公益訴訟
ABSTRACT
With the year of reform and opening up,our country is speeding up the processof modernization. With the rapid development of economy, environmental problemshave become increasingly prominent. The Water pollution、Land desertification、Warming、The problem of haze and so on,a series of environmental problems emergein an endless stream,which Serious impact on the sustainable development of societyand people's standard of living. In addition to seek personal gain in spite of criminalsand environmental problems behind this, there is a close relationship betweenadministrative behavior and administrative organs at the expense of the environmentfor the development. Due to mistakes in decision-making or subjective illegal or notas,and Lead environmental public interest damage. The government,as defenders ofthe public interest, should subject to legal restrictions and sanctions.
Along with our country to pay attention to the protection of public interest, thenew “Civil Procedure Law” provisions of article fifty-fifth of the civil public interestlitigation system in our country. It opens the public interest litigation. At the sametime as the revised last year, China's new “environmental protection law”. On thebasis of environmental public interest litigation and legal basis are the basic rules.
This has become the construction of China's history of environmental public interestlitigation system . But it is worth noting that although China made a summary of theprovisions of the environmental public interest litigation, and our country has notreally set up by the amendments to the environmental administrative public interestlitigation,and did not write the new revision of the “administrative procedure law”.
Which lead to violations of administrative organs in China in terms of theenvironment or not and cannot really be held as. The establishment of environmentaladministrative public interest litigation, not only for the maintenance of socialsustainable development but also for people's rights and interests.
The article bases on the concept of environmental administrative public interestlitigation- And combines the history of the environmental administrative publicinterest litigation and concept、characteristic. Discussing the necessity of theconstruction of environmental administrative public interest litigation in China, Onthe basis of specific provisions, it discusses its reference significance to china, mainlythrough the study of American, Germany and Japan's environmental administrativepublic interest litigation and characteristics. Then the author makes research with theenvironmental administrative commonweal litigation system in China's developmentpresent situation,and proposes the reason analysis. According to the above analysis,from the construction principle and the specific issues,it discusses two aspects toelaborate the establishment of China's environmental administrative public interestlitigation.
Key words: public interest litigation, administrative act,environmentaladministrative public interest litigation
目錄
引言
環境行政公益訴訟研究
1.環境行政公益訴訟的概述
1.1.環境行政公益訴訟的歷史沿革
1.1. 1公益訴訟的歷史沿革
1.1.2環境行政公益訴訟的歷史沿革
1. 2.環境行政公益訴訟的概念和特點
1.2.1目的的公益性
1.2.2主體的廣泛性
1.2. 3范圍的特殊性
1.2. 4訴訟具有預防性，同時兼有補救功能
1.3我國構建環境行政公益訴訟的必要性
1.3.1治理環境問題的需要
1. 3. 2完善訴訟制度的迫切需要
1. 3. 3我國法治建設的需要
1.3. 4規制行政行為的重要手段
2.國外環境行政公益訴訟概述和借鑒
2.1美國環境行政公益訴訟
2.2德國環境行政公益訴訟
2. 3日本環境行政公益訴訟
2.4國外環境行政公益訴訟借鑒
2.4.1突破傳統訴訟理論，拓寬原告資格
2.4. 2把抽象行政行為納入司法審查范圍
2. 4. 3實行舉證責任轉移制度
2.4. 4設置訴訟前置程序
2.4. 5設立環境行政公益訴訟激勵機制
3?我國環境行政公益訴訟的構建
3.1環境行政公益訴訟制度在我國發展現狀
3.1. 1法律規定現狀
3.1.2司法實踐現狀
3.2原因分析
3.2.1環境行政公益訴訟未真正建立
3. 2. 2訴訟主體的嚴格限制
3. 2. 3欠缺具體的實操規則
3.2.4社會組織意愿不夠或能力不強
3. 3建構我國環境行政公益訴訟制度的原則
3.3.1以保護環境公共利益為原則
3. 3. 2-以國家適當干預為原則
3. 4建構環境行政公益訴訟制度的具體規則
3. 4.1設置訴訟前置程序
3. 4. 2我國環境行政公益訴訟的管轄權
3. 4. 3我國環境行政訴訟中原告的資格
3. 4. 4我國環境行政訴訟中的訴訟范圍。：
3. 4. 5我國環境行政訴訟中舉證責任分配
3. 4. 6我國環境行政訴訟的訴訟時效
3. 4. 7我國環境行政訴訟的訴訟費用
3. 4. 8為除檢察院外的原告引進法律援助制度
3. 4. 9建立激勵機制
參考文獻
致謝
