職業性別刻板印象的干預研究-藏刊網

本篇論文目錄導航：

【題目】職業性別刻板印象的干預研究
【第一章】從業性別刻板印象控制探析引言
【第二章】刻板印象相關文獻綜述
【第三章第四章】觀點采擇對外顯職業性別刻板印象的影響
【第五章】觀點采擇對內隱職業性別刻板印象的影響
【第六章】刻板印象運用觀點采擇的作用
【結論/參考文獻】如何改變職業中的性別刻板印象結論與參考文獻

摘要

刻板印象一直以來都是社會心理學研究的熱題。圍繞著刻板印象，研究者們展開了對種族、容貌、地域、職業、性別等多領域的研究，證實了刻板印象的普遍存在性。而對刻板印象是否可以被控制和改變還存在爭議，對如何有效影響刻板印象的手段研究較少。本研究試圖以觀點采擇為干預手段，探討觀點采擇策略是否能夠有效影響職業性別刻板印象。

本研究包括了兩個部分：

研究一從外顯層面上探討了觀點采擇策略對職業性別刻板印象的影響。通過預實驗收集的更適合男性和更適合女性的職業詞編制了職業態度調查問卷，比較被試在觀點采擇策略（要求被試想象并記錄自己作為一名女性 IT 精英或男性幼兒園老師的代表性一天）下，他們的外顯刻板偏見得分是否會有所降低。得出了以下結論：

（1）大學生被試在外顯層面上，普遍存在著職業性別刻板印象。

（2）觀點采擇策略在有效發生時，能夠顯著降低外顯職業性別刻板印象，但如何有效引導，還需要進一步改進。

（3）在外顯態度上，存在性別差異，即女性被試的職業性別刻板印象要顯著低于男性被試，女性被試表現出一定的反刻板印象趨勢。

研究二從內隱層面上探討了觀點采擇策略對職業性別刻板印象的影響。本研究以內隱聯想測驗為實驗范式，比較被試在改進過后的觀點采擇策略（想象并記錄自己作為一名女性 IT 精英或男性幼兒園老師受到他人非議時，要如何辯駁）下，被試的內隱效應是否會有顯著的降低。得出了以下結論：

（1）在內隱層面上，職業性別刻板印象是顯著存在的。

（2）以反駁為主的觀點采擇策略比想象代表性一天的觀點采擇策略，更能激發被試對目標角色的積極評價；觀點采擇策略雖然不能徹底消除內隱職業性別刻板印象，但卻可以有效降低內隱職業性別刻板印象的影響。

（3）性別差異對內隱職業性別刻板印象影響不顯著，無論是男性被試還是女性被試都存在較強的刻板印象。

（4）問卷調查和內隱聯想測驗結果的低相關性，表明二者測量的是職業性別刻板印象外顯和內隱兩個不同層面。

關鍵詞：觀點采擇職業性別刻板印象內隱聯想測驗（IAT）靈活編碼模型混合模型

ABSTRACT

Stereotype has always been the hot study of social psychology, researchers havelaunched the race, looks, region, occupation, gender and other areas of research around thestereotype, which confirms the stereotype is widespreading, but how to control and changeit is still controversial, and it's less to study the means of how to effectively influence thestereotype. So this study attempted interventions perspective taking and to explore if theperspective taking strategy is able to effectively influence the occupation-sex stereotype.

The study included two parts:

The first section research on perspective-taking strategy influences the explicitoccupation-sex stereotypes. Through preliminary experiment to collect more suitable formen and women's vocational words to the preparation of a professional attitudequestionnaire, and compare if the perspective-taking strategy （the students were asked toimagine and record a typical day of their own as a female IT elite and a male kindergartenteacher） will reduce the explicit stereotype's score. Reached the following conclusions:

（1）The explicit occupation-sex stereotype is prevalent among the undergraduates.

（2）When perspective-taking strategy effectively occurs, the explicit occupation-sexstereotype is weakened remarkably, but how to improve the guidance of the strategy is aproblem.

（3）There are sexual differences on the explicit attitude , that is the female'soccupation-sex stereotype is significantly less than the male's, female subjects demonstratea certain anti-stereotype trend.

The second section research on perspective-taking strategy influences the implicitoccupation-sex stereotypes. This study makes an implicit association test comparing if theimproved perspective-taking strategy will significant reduce the implicit stereotype.

Reached the following conclusions:

（1）The implicit occupation-sex stereotype is significant existed.

（2） The perspective-taking to refute is better than to imagine a typical day of the targetrole, it can stimulate the subjects make more positive evaluation on the target role; theperspective-taking can't completely eliminate the implicit occupation-sex stereotype, but itcan make the influence of the implicit occupation-sex stereotype much weaker.

（3）Sexual differences have less influence on the implicit occupation-sex stereotype,no matter the male or the female; they all have the strong stereotype.

（4）The low correlation of the questionnaire and the implicit association test showsthat the two instruments have measured the explicit and implicit different levels ofoccupation-sex stereotype.

Key words: Perspective-taking; Occupation-sex stereotype; Implicit associationtest（IAT）； Encoding flexibility mode; Blended models

目錄

摘要

Abstract

1 引言

1.1 研究背景

1.2 研究意義

2 文獻綜述

2.1 刻板印象的概念及其相關研究

2.2 刻板印象的測量方法

2.3 刻板印象心理表征

2.4 刻板印象的信息加工機制